Within the later historical past of totemism these two sides, the religious and the social, are inclined to half firm; the social system typically survives the religious; and, then again, religion typically bears traces of totemism in countries where the social system based mostly on totemism has disappeared. Again, in Chamæleon Owenii (fig. 36), from the West Coast of Africa, the male bears on his snout and forehead three curious horns, of which the feminine has not a trace. Their battles are at instances desperate; “for these puny combatants fasten tight on each other for several seconds, tumbling over and over again, till their strength seems fully exhausted.” With the rough-tailed stickleback (G. After the ova are fertilised they are, generally, left unprotected by each dad and mom, so that the males and females, as far as oviposition is worried, are equally exposed to hazard, and each are equally necessary for the production of fertile ova; consequently the kind of brightly-colored people of both intercourse can be equally liable to be destroyed or preserved, and both would have an equal affect on the colours of their offspring. The sly human is exterminating vitally important insect, plant, and even mammalian life with the intention to make life for himself extra luxurious.
25 Among the many Moquis the representatives of the clans at foot-races, dances, &c. Among the clans of western Australia are descended from ducks, swans, and other waterfowl. Descent from totem.Thus the Turtle clan of the Iroquois are descended from a fats turtle, which, burdened by the weight of its shell in walking, contrived by nice exertions to throw it off, and thereafter steadily developed right into a man. Lest we show hypocrisy, and in wrongdoing, are also investing. Crocodilia.-The sexes apparently don’t differ in colour; nor do I know that the males fight together, though this is possible, for some kinds make a prodigious display before the females. We have now to think about whether or not, when the male differs in a marked method from the feminine in color or in different ornaments, he alone has been modified, the variations being inherited by his male offspring alone; or whether the feminine has been specifically modified and rendered inconspicuous for the sake of protection, such modifications being inherited solely by the females. The final level which need be seen is that fishes are known to make varied noises, a few of that are described as being musical. But from the big number of fishes, of which the males are either permanently or periodically brighter than the females, but whose life is just not at all more necessary for the welfare of the species than that of the feminine, this view can hardly be maintained.
In accordance with this fact the vocal organs of the males are extra extremely developed than these of the females. Sexual choice, certainly, appears to have played nearly as necessary a part with reptiles as with birds; and the less conspicuous colours of the females in comparison with the males can’t be accounted for, as Mr. Wallace believes to be the case with birds, by the better publicity of the females to hazard throughout incubation. Ophidia.-Dr. Günther informs me that the males are at all times smaller than the females, and generally have longer and slenderer tails; but he knows of no other distinction in external construction. They are solely briefly developed through the breeding-season; and Dr. Günther suspects that they are brought into action as prehensile organs by the doubling inwards and downwards of the 2 sides of the body. Frogs have been observed by Professor Hoffman in Giessen fighting all day lengthy through the breeding-season, and with so much violence, that one had its body ripped open.
